据产业链传出的消息显示,印度泰米尔纳德邦的富士康工厂新装了两条生产线扩产,苹果的工程师和富士康一起正在为生产iPhone 16 Pro和iPhone 16 ProMax进行最后的设备调试与员工培训,预计很快将正式量产。这是苹果首次在印度尝试量产iPhone Pro和Pro Max版本高端机型。
根据苹果与富士康向印度提交的产能规划,这两条产线目前的产能主要为满足印度本土的市场销售需求,但量产工艺走通后,苹果会择机要求富士康继续增加产能,实现从印度向全球出口iPhone16 Pro和iPhone16 Pro Max手机。
据印度方面的消息显示,苹果和富士康将继续推动iPhone手机在印度的产能扩张,以实现2025年能有25%的iPhone手机印度制造目标。从目前的情况来看,苹果最终实现超过30%以上的份额在印度制造的目标已经多次延后。
据苹果供应链方面传出的消息显示,虽然通过大力游说,印度政府把手机制造定为了印度振兴制造业补贴的主要方向,但是由于全球疫情的干扰,苹果超过150家供应商在前面四年里,无法把产能迁出中国大陆前往印度配套,而且受全球物流与上游原材料供应的影响,苹果以及相关供应链企业还不得不加大了在中国大陆的投入。
另外中印之间的关系恶化,也让中国大陆在印度的主动投资项目放缓,另外针对苹果供应链的中国大陆企业前往印度设厂,不管是中方还是印方,都设置了重重的障碍,让苹果自己都感觉十分无力。
目前中国大陆企业基本上是通过在海外收购实体企业做壳,再通过海外企业,以西方资本的角色来投资印度,以规避相关的阻碍。不过随着中国大陆的金融工具数字化,资金的流出受到了清晰的管控,这条路要走通也越来越难。
而印度方面则在类似塔塔集团这类的资本巨头影响下,极力希望借助政府力量,要求苹果与苹果供应商直接转让量产技术,扶持印度本土的苹果供应链成长。同时印度资本不希望中国资本介入到印度制造的相关刺激计划里,生怕中国资本以成熟产能快速复制,冲垮十分脆弱的印度制造产业生态。
目前聚集在印度的苹果供应链企业主要是为富士康配套的西方企业和台资企业,数量已经积累到上百家,实现了约40%左右的元器件印度制造,离苹果超过70%元器件要实现印度制造的目标甚远。
目前苹果正在极力鼓动三星和LGD把AMOLED显示模组的部分产能迁往印度,三星和三星手机也有意转移部分越南的高端产品产能到印度,正在同印度政府协商取得更多的投资成本现金补贴事宜,三星和三星手机希望其高端旗舰手机和配套的AMOLED显示模组产能,可以遵照半导体以及面板的补贴标准来执行,如果成功,则意味着可以获得最高一半的投资成本现金补贴。
据行业传出的消息称,三星和三星手机都已经就此事与越南政府通气,其中越南政府如果希望三星转移更多的显示屏模组产能到越南,也希望越南能够通过一些政策组合,实现类似于印度这样的投资成本近半的现金补贴效果。
另外,如果三星和三星手机在印度获得了相应的政策补贴的话,三星和三星手机肯定会转移部分产线到印度,在实现高端机型印度制造来抵消苹果手机印度制造的竞争优势同时,也可以顺便配套苹果在印度生产高端手机产品。
除三星外,LGD也向越南政府表明了类似的态度,同样是如果LGD在印度获得了相应的补贴,也会把部分AMOLED显示模组产能迁往印度。
据7月25日的报道,印度电子和信息技术国务部长Jitin Prasada上周三在向人民院书面通报中表示,截至6月底,已有32家公司根据生产挂钩激励(PLI)计划在印度大规模电子制造业领域累计投资8282亿卢比(约100亿美元,717亿人民币)。在该大规模电子制造业生产挂钩激励(PLI)计划批准的32家公司中,有7家是绿地公司,25家是棕地公司。
部长还告知,根据PLI计划2.0,已有27家公司获得IT硬件投资批准。该大型电子制造PLI计划于2020年4月1日发布,32家公司获得批准,承诺投资额为11324亿卢比(约135亿美元,980亿人民币),预计生产目标为107万亿卢比(约1.3万亿美元,9.27万亿人民币)。而印度全社会在2023年创造的名义GDP为288.13万亿卢比,约为3.49万亿美元。
另外印度政府23日宣布,将手机、手机印刷电路板(PCB)和充电器的基本关税(BCD)由20%降至15%,7月24日起生效。
在这些补贴金额和关税政策的吸引下,难怪三星和LG也终于开始动心了。
而全球贸易环境的变化,导致苹果继续推行其把70%制造产能迁出中国大陆的计划不变。但是从目前的情况来看,相关的进度远远慢于苹果的预期。
由于很多苹果供应商的生产线都已经超龄服役,现在正处在大规模升级换代和大维护周期,众多苹果供应商都希望苹果能够给出明确的相关指引,未来的供应链布局到底如何跟进。
近期苹果也在密切的走访相关供应链企业,了解相关产线的设备运行情况,以及沟通未来产线搬迁与产能重建的方法。
目前苹果供应链里的外资企业,大部分都通过股权转让或产能变卖的方式,退出了中国大陆的苹果代工业务。这些企业要么通过由苹果购买设备,自己组织产能的方式,在自己本土或印度,以及其它第三方市场,重新开设新厂继续承接苹果订单代工,要么就直接淡出了苹果供应链体系。
据了解,苹果的供应链管理团队今年上半年也在全球各大第三方市场奔波,从墨西哥、巴西、印尼到北非诸国等,以图找到一个稳定的代工产能外包基地,但与各方谈判下来,都没有得到苹果想要的结果,要么没有足够的工程师红利支撑其规模庞大的产能,要么相关政府的政策延续性得不到保证,要么日、韩、台等代工企业不愿前往当地设厂,导致苹果不敢轻易押宝。
印度政府是极力想把苹果70%的代工产能给吃下,但是目前印度政府的财力有限,要补贴这么多现金出去还有些困难,因此也乐得边谈边拖。而且印度政府采取的相关政策与中国大陆极其相似,苹果也担心有一天印度与全球打起贸易战来后,遭遇与目前在中国大陆一样的境况。
According to the news from the industrial chain, the Foxconn factory in Tamil Nadu, India, has installed two new production lines to expand production, and Apple's engineers and Foxconn are carrying out final equipment debugging and staff training for the production of iPhone 16 Pro and iPhone 16 ProMax, which are expected to be officially mass-produced soon. This is Apple's first attempt to mass-produce high-end models of the iPhone Pro and Pro Max versions in India.
According to the capacity plan submitted by Apple and Foxconn to India, the current production capacity of these two production lines is mainly to meet the sales needs of the local market in India, but after the mass production process is completed, Apple will take the opportunity to ask Foxconn to continue to increase production capacity and realize the export of iPhone16 Pro and iPhone16 Pro Max mobile phones from India to the world.
According to India sources, Apple and Foxconn will continue to promote the expansion of iPhone production capacity in India to achieve the goal of 25% iPhone manufacturing in India by 2015. As things stand, Apple's goal of eventually achieving more than 30% of the market share made in India has been postponed several times.
According to the news from Apple's supply chain, although through vigorous lobbying, the India government has set mobile phone manufacturing as the main direction of India's revitalization of manufacturing subsidies, but due to the interference of the global epidemic, Apple's more than 150 suppliers in the first four years could not move production capacity out of Chinese mainland to India for support, and affected by global logistics and upstream raw material supply, Apple and related suppliesChain companies have also had to increase investment in Chinese mainland.
In addition, the deterioration of relations between China and India has also slowed down Chinese mainland's active investment projects in India, and Chinese mainland companies in Apple's supply chain have set up factories in India, whether it is China or India, have set up many obstacles, making Apple itself feel very powerless.
At present, Chinese mainland enterprises basically acquire entities overseas as shells, and then invest in India through overseas enterprises as Western capital to avoid related obstacles. However, with the digitization of financial instruments in Chinese mainland, the outflow of funds is clearly controlled, and this road is becoming more and more difficult.
India, under the influence of capital giants like the Tata Group, strongly hopes to use the power of the government to require Apple and Apple suppliers to directly transfer mass production technology to support the growth of India's local apple supply chain. At the same time, India capital does not want Chinese capital to get involved in the relevant stimulus plan of India's manufacturing, for fear that Chinese capital will quickly replicate with mature production capacity and collapse the very fragile India manufacturing industry ecology.
At present, the Apple supply chain enterprises gathered in India are mainly Western enterprises and Taiwan-funded enterprises supporting Foxconn, and the number has accumulated to hundreds, achieving about 40% of the components made in India, far from the goal of more than 70% of Apple's components to achieve India manufacturing.
At present, Apple is strongly encouraging Samsung and LGD to move part of the production capacity of AMOLED display modules to India, Samsung and Samsung mobile phones also intend to transfer some of Viet Nam's high-end product production capacity to India, is negotiating with the India government to obtain more cash subsidies for investment costs, Samsung and Samsung mobile phones hope that their high-end flagship mobile phones and supporting AMOLED display module production capacity, can be implemented in accordance with the subsidy standards for semiconductors and panels, if successful, This means that you can get a cash subsidy of up to half of the investment cost.
According to industry news, Samsung and Samsung mobile phones have been in contact with the Viet Nam government on this matter, of which the Viet Nam government if it wants Samsung to transfer more display module production capacity to Viet Nam, but also hopes that Viet Nam can achieve a cash subsidy effect similar to India's investment cost of nearly half through some policy combinations.
In addition, if Samsung and Samsung mobile phones in India received the corresponding policy subsidies, Samsung and Samsung mobile phones will definitely transfer part of the production line to India, in the realization of high-end models made in India to offset the competitive advantage of Apple mobile phones made in India, but also by the way Apple production of high-end mobile phone products in India.
In addition to Samsung, LGD has also expressed a similar attitude to the Viet Nam government, and if LGD receives corresponding subsidies in India, it will also relocate some AMOLED display module production capacity to India.
According to a July 25 report, India's Minister of State for Electronics and Information Technology, Jitin Prasada, said in a written notice to the Lok Sabha last Wednesday that as of the end of June, 32 companies had invested a total of 828.2 billion rupees (about US$10 billion, 71.7 billion yuan) in India's large-scale electronics manufacturing sector under the production-linked incentive (PLI) scheme. Of the 32 companies approved under the Production-linked Incentive (PLI) scheme for large-scale electronics manufacturing, seven are greenfield companies and 25 are brownfield companies.
The Minister also informed that 27 companies have already been approved for IT hardware investments under the PLI Program 2.0. The PLI plan for the large electronics manufacturing was released on April 1, 2020, and 32 companies were approved, with a committed investment of 1,132.4 billion rupees (about US$13.5 billion, 98 billion yuan) and an estimated production target of 107 trillion rupees (about US$1.3 trillion, 9.27 trillion yuan). And the nominal GDP created by India society as a whole in 2023 is 288.13 trillion rupees, about 3.49 trillion US dollars.
In addition, the India government announced on the 23rd that the basic tariff (BCD) on mobile phones, mobile phone printed circuit boards (PCB) and chargers will be reduced from 20% to 15%, effective July 24.
Attracted by these subsidy amounts and tariff policies, it is no wonder that Samsung and LG are finally starting to be tempted.
Changes in the global trade environment have led Apple to continue to pursue its plan to move 70% of its manufacturing capacity out of Chinese mainland. But as things stand, progress is much slower than Apple expected.
Since many Apple suppliers' production lines have been overaged, and are now in a large-scale upgrade and maintenance cycle, many Apple suppliers hope that Apple can give clear relevant guidelines and how to follow up the future supply chain layout.
Recently, Apple has also been closely visiting relevant supply chain companies to understand the equipment operation of relevant production lines, as well as ways to communicate about future production line relocation and capacity reconstruction.
At present, most of the foreign-funded enterprises in Apple's supply chain have withdrawn from the Apple OEM business in Chinese mainland through equity transfer or capacity sales. These companies either buy equipment by Apple and organize their own production capacity, re-open new factories in their own home or India, and other third-party markets to continue to undertake Apple orders, or directly fade out of Apple's supply chain system.
It is understood that Apple's supply chain management team also rushed to major third-party markets around the world in the first half of this year, from Mexico, Brazil, Indonesia to North Africa countries, etc., in order to find a stable foundry capacity outsourcing base, but after negotiations with all parties, did not get the results Apple wanted, either there is not enough engineer dividends to support its huge production capacity, or the policy continuity of the relevant government is not guaranteed, or Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and other foundry companies are unwilling to go to the local factory, resulting in Apple dare not easily bet.
The India government is trying to eat 70% of Apple's foundry capacity, but at present, the India government's financial resources are limited, and it is still difficult to subsidize so much cash, so it is happy to talk and delay. Moreover, the relevant policies adopted by the India government are very similar to those of Chinese mainland, and Apple is also worried that one day India will encounter the same situation as it is currently in Chinese mainland after a trade war with the world.