越南上半年出口好转复苏，增长14.5%

凭借现有优势，加上今年前几个月出口额的积极增长成果，越南工贸部评估，虽然还面临许多不可预测的风险，2024年越南出口仍有许多复苏机会。

出现许多积极信号

越南工贸部进出口司副司长陈青海在谈及今年上半年的出口形势时表示，促进进出口活动复苏的因素较多。具体是越南通过谈判和签署新一代自由贸易协定实施国际经济一体化和实现出口市场多元化政策的结果。此外，政府也多措并举全面支持经济。

作为负责管理和调控进出口活动的机构，越南工贸部也尽早识别出口市场的困难和风险，并提出了适当的解决方案。特别，越南刚将与美国的关系升级为全面战略伙伴关系，期望两国贸易关系可持续发展。在各市场的库存货高企问题也正在逐步克服，特别是欧盟或美国市场等2023年面临困难的重点出口市场。具体对美国来说，消费指数的复苏已成为经济增长的重要支撑因素。

越南工贸部计划与财政司司长裴辉山提供了具体数字来澄清上述认定。据此，今年上半年越南货物出口额约达1900.8亿美元，同比增长14.5%。其中，内企强劲复苏，出口额同比增长20.7%，高于总体增幅6.2个百分点，并高于外企增幅8.4个百分点（12.3%）。

贸易促进和出口市场拓展工作继续取得积极成效，开拓传统市场与拓展新市场（非洲、东欧、北欧、西亚）相结合。因此，今年前六个月，对大部分市场和主要贸易伙伴的出口均实现高增长。

美国继续为越南第一大出口市场，出口额约达543亿美元，占全国出口总额的28.6%，同比增长22.1%；其次是中国市场，出口额约达278亿美元，增长5.3%；欧盟市场约达244.6亿美元，增长14.1%；韩国出口额约达122亿美元，增长10.4%。

相反，今年上半年进口商品结构也呈现出积极信号，进口商品总额中高达88.8%，是必需品，包括：机械、设备、零配件和原材料等。进口总额约达1582亿美元，同比增长18.1%，显示国内生产和出口生产有所好转。

其中，仅计算机、电子产品及零部件进口额达488亿美元，增长26.7%，占进口总额的27.4%；机械设备、工具及零部件进口额达223亿美元，增长14.6%。

得益于出口增长态势，货物贸易平衡继续保持顺差，达116.3亿美元；其中，内企出现逆差，达123.5亿美元；外企（含原油）贸易顺差239.8亿美元。

贸易促进工作的灵活性

越南工贸部贸易促进局局长武伯富透露，今年上半年，贸易促进工作为企业的出口活动带来了诸多实践价值。

具体而言，贸易促进活动已集中于加强开发自由贸易协定，以实现市场和供应链多样化并推动出口；促进投资，吸引外资进入加工制造业，提高国内产品质量，满足世界市场标准；与越南驻外商务处系统协调配合，为地方和企业咨询和提供市场信息。

年初至今，与越南驻外商务处举行的贸易促进交接会议共六场，涉及总体专题或根据市场群体和出口商品组的深入专题。

各地、行业、协会以及广大企业的积极参与，使会议成为信息交流的有效桥梁。加强国内单位与越南驻外商务处系统之间的协调，及时消除进出口活动中的困难和障碍，充分利用国外市场的新机遇，促进出口可持续发展和有效进口。

但是，越南许多出口市场将不断增加对国际贸易的新要求，建立更密集的壁垒，增加贸易保护、绿色转型趋势，关注健康保护产品组，以及能源转换、可持续发展等要求。

世界和地区形势变化带来了优势与机遇，同时也带来困难与挑战，对贸易促进提出许多新要求。因此，未来的贸易促进活动必须更加灵活，将传统贸易促进与现代创新手段相结合，与电子商务和数字经济相结合；加强沟通、推广，提高越南品牌产品和商品的竞争力。

武伯富局长表示：“另一方面，我们必须继续加大宣传力度，增强企业界对绿色转型、可持续生产的知识，以支持企业提高竞争力，适应目前市场局势”。

陈青海副局长还强调，2024年全球经济仍面临许多风险和难以断定因数。对抗通胀仍存在许多潜在的不确定性，特别是主要国家的货币政策。此外，当前中国产能过剩问题也加大了市场竞争压力。随着消费者需求下降，中国廉价商品的过剩可能会影响其他国家的促进出口能力。

因此，为在今年最后几个月保持出口增长势头，工贸部各单位正在检查重点、重心的产品和市场，以优先进行在短、中、长期内的贸易促进；在一个贸易促进计划框架内密切配合展开各单位的一系列专业活动，从而在国家预算资金来源仍然紧张的情况下提高效率并节省资源。

此外，还需要进一步密切配合引导地方、商品协会、企业提出并制定实施贸易促进活动、开拓国内和进出口市场以及贸易促进数字化转型的计划，确保符合政府总理批准的战略、提案。

Viet Nam's exports recovered this year, growing by 14.5%.

With the existing advantages, coupled with the positive growth results of exports in the first few months of this year, the Ministry of Industry and Trade of Viet Nam assesses that although there are still many unpredictable risks, there are still many opportunities for Viet Nam's exports to recover in 2024.

Many positive signals appeared

Talking about the export situation in the first half of this year, Tran Thanh Thanh, deputy director of the import and Export Department of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of Viet Nam, said that there are many factors that promote the recovery of import and export activities. Specifically, it is the result of Viet Nam's policy of international economic integration and diversification of export markets through the negotiation and signing of a new generation of free trade agreements. In addition, the government has also taken multiple measures to fully support the economy.

As the agency responsible for managing and regulating import and export activities, the Ministry of Industry and Trade of Viet Nam also identified the difficulties and risks of the export market as early as possible and proposed appropriate solutions. In particular, Viet Nam has just upgraded its relationship with United States to a comprehensive strategic partnership, and expects the sustainable development of trade relations between the two countries. High inventories in various markets are also gradually being overcome, especially in key export markets such as the European Union or the United States, which will face difficulties in 2023. For United States specifically, the recovery of the consumer index has become an important supporting factor for economic growth.

Bui Huy Son, Secretary for Planning and Finance of Viet Nam's Ministry of Industry and Trade, provided specific figures to clarify the determination. According to this, Viet Nam's goods exports in the first half of this year reached about 190.08 billion US dollars, a year-on-year increase of 14.5%. Among them, domestic enterprises recovered strongly, and the export value increased by 20.7% year-on-year, which was 6.2 percentage points higher than the overall growth rate and 8.4 percentage points (12.3%) higher than the growth rate of foreign enterprises.

Trade promotion and export market development continued to yield positive results, combining the development of traditional markets with the expansion of new markets (Africa, Eastern Europe, Northern Europe, West Asia). As a result, in the first six months of this year, exports to most markets and major trading partners achieved high growth.

United States continues to be Viet Nam's largest export market, with an export value of about US$54.3 billion, accounting for 28.6% of the country's total exports, a year-on-year increase of 22.1%; followed by the Chinese market, with exports of about 27.8 billion US dollars, an increase of 5.3%; The EU market reached about 24.46 billion US dollars, an increase of 14.1%; Korea's exports amounted to about $12.2 billion, up 10.4 percent.

On the contrary, in the first half of this year, the structure of imported goods also showed positive signals, with 88.8% of the total value of imported goods being necessities, including: machinery, equipment, spare parts and raw materials. Total imports amounted to about US$158.2 billion, up 18.1 percent year-on-year, indicating an improvement in domestic and export production.

Among them, only the import value of computers, electronic products and parts reached 48.8 billion US dollars, an increase of 26.7%, accounting for 27.4% of the total imports; The import value of machinery and equipment, tools and parts reached US$22.3 billion, an increase of 14.6%.

Thanks to the growth of exports, the trade balance of goods continued to maintain a surplus of US$11.63 billion, of which domestic enterprises had a deficit of US$12.35 billion, and foreign enterprises (including crude oil) had a trade surplus of US$23.98 billion.

Flexibility in trade facilitation efforts

Vu Bo Phu, director of the Trade Promotion Bureau of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of Viet Nam, revealed that in the first half of this year, trade promotion work has brought a lot of practical value to the export activities of enterprises.

Specifically, trade facilitation activities have focused on strengthening the development of free trade agreements to diversify markets and supply chains and promote exports; Promote investment, attract foreign investment into the processing and manufacturing industry, improve the quality of domestic products, and meet the standards of the world market; Coordinate with Viet Nam's Overseas Commercial Offices to consult and provide market information to local and business enterprises.

Year-to-date, there have been six trade facilitation handover meetings with Viet Nam's commercial offices abroad, covering general topics or in-depth topics according to market groups and export commodity groups.

The active participation of all localities, industries, associations and enterprises makes the conference an effective bridge for information exchange. Strengthen coordination between domestic units and the system of Viet Nam's commercial offices abroad, eliminate difficulties and obstacles in import and export activities in a timely manner, make full use of new opportunities in foreign markets, and promote sustainable export development and effective imports.

However, many of Viet Nam's export markets will continue to increase new requirements for international trade, establish more intensive barriers, increase trade protection, green transition trends, focus on health protection product groups, as well as energy transition, sustainable development and other requirements.

Changes in the world and regional situation have brought advantages and opportunities, but also brought difficulties and challenges, and put forward many new requirements for trade promotion. Therefore, future trade promotion activities must be more flexible, combining traditional trade promotion with modern innovative means, with e-commerce and the digital economy; Strengthen communication, promotion and improve the competitiveness of Viet Nam brand products and goods.

"On the other hand, we must continue to increase our awareness and enhance the knowledge of the business community on green transformation and sustainable production, so as to support enterprises to improve their competitiveness and adapt to the current market situation," said Mr. Wu Bofu.

Deputy Director Chen Qinghai also stressed that the global economy will still face many risks and difficult to determine factors in 2024. There are still many potential uncertainties in the fight against inflation, particularly the monetary policies of major countries. In addition, the current overcapacity problem in China has also increased the pressure on market competition. As consumer demand declines, China's surplus of cheap goods could affect other countries' ability to boost exports.

Therefore, in order to maintain the momentum of export growth in the last months of this year, all units of the Ministry of Industry and Trade are examining key and focused products and markets to prioritize trade promotion in the short, medium and long term; Within the framework of a trade facilitation plan, a range of specialized activities of the units are carried out in close coordination with each other, thereby increasing efficiency and saving resources while the sources of State budget funding remain tight.

In addition, it is necessary to work closely with local governments, commodity associations, and enterprises to propose and formulate plans for the implementation of trade promotion activities, the development of domestic and import and export markets, and the promotion of trade digital transformation, so as to ensure that they are in line with the strategies and proposals approved by the Prime Minister.